What method is typically used to evaluate the structural integrity of composite materials?

The evaluation of the structural integrity of composite materials is most commonly performed using ultrasonic testing. This method involves sending high-frequency sound waves into the material and analyzing the echoes that are reflected back. The characteristics of these reflections provide critical information about the internal structure of the composite, such as detecting voids, delaminations, or other defects that could compromise its integrity.

Ultrasonic testing is particularly effective for composite materials because it can penetrate various thicknesses and is capable of characterizing materials that may not be adequately evaluated using visual inspection alone. The method is non-destructive, meaning it doesn't harm the material being tested, allowing for repeated assessments without compromising the integrity of the composite itself. Consequently, it is widely preferred in aviation and many other industries for a thorough assessment of composite structures.

Other methods, such as X-ray inspection and magnetic particle testing, serve different purposes or are less effective for composites. Visual inspection, while useful for identifying surface-level defects, may not reliably detect internal flaws that could lead to structural failures.